quarter of household spending

quarter of household spending

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the proportion of food expenditure relative to total household consumption. In the late 1980s, Japan’s Engel’s coefficient fell to around 20%, indicating that households then had relatively more “disposable income”. However, as real incomes declined, this ratio began to rebound. By 2022, the Engel’s coefficient had risen to 26.6%, meaning that over a quarter of household spending was allocated to food, with families increasingly squeezing their spending on non-essential items. Industry experts also point out that with the increasing aging population, the number of individuals experiencing a reduction in income has also risen. From 1990 to 2020, Japan’s pension replacement rate has generally been on a downward trend. According to data from the MHLW, the replacement rate for average wage-earning households was around 68% in 1986, but by 2019, it had dropped to 61.7% ดูหนัง24